
Human-Centered Computing Researcher
Md Atik Enam
I study how people understand, trust, and work with AI. I use autonomous vehicles as my main research setting and apply the findings to accessible, evidence-based interaction design.
I am a Human-Centered Computing researcher and Graduate Research Assistant in the DRIVE Lab at CU-ICAR. My dissertation, Understanding Human-AI Relationships in Autonomous Vehicles, examines how people understand AI roles, share decision authority, judge interaction quality, and make decisions with AI. I also study how autonomous mobility can better support people with disabilities. I use interviews, surveys, experiments, field studies, scale development, and interface evaluation. These methods and research questions apply to HCI, human factors, UX research, and AI products beyond transportation.
menam@clemson.eduResearch Vision
Human-AI interaction in autonomous mobility.
My main research area is human-AI interaction in autonomous vehicles. I study how people understand an AI system's role, respond to its authority, judge the quality of an interaction, and make decisions with it. Autonomous mobility gives me a real-world setting for studying human-autonomy teaming and interface design. A related part of my work focuses on accessibility, including how autonomous vehicles and ridesharing services can support blind and low-vision travelers and other people with disabilities.
Human-AI Relationships
Understanding how people recognize AI roles, form expectations, calibrate trust, and evaluate interaction quality in autonomous vehicles.
Authority and Teaming
Studying how humans and AI negotiate decision authority, communicate intent, and coordinate safely across changing situations.
Accessible Autonomous Mobility
Identifying and addressing interaction barriers so autonomous vehicles and mobility services work for people with diverse abilities.
Published Work
Peer-reviewed publications
Soldiers’ Perspectives on Natural User Interfaces in Combat Vehicle Operations
Behaviour & Information Technology.
Joint-first-authored study of soldiers’ perspectives on natural user interfaces for human–autonomy interaction in combat vehicle operations. † Joint first authors.
Cite
Enam, M. A., Lawson, C., Butler, E., Ugboko, R., Souders, D. J., McClendon, J., and Brinkley, J. (2026). Soldiers’ perspectives on natural user interfaces in combat vehicle operations. Behaviour & Information Technology. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2026.2734080
@article{enam2026soldiers,
title = {Soldiers' Perspectives on Natural User Interfaces in Combat Vehicle Operations},
author = {Enam, Md Atik and Lawson, Christopher and Butler, Ethan and Ugboko, Raphael and Souders, Dustin J. and McClendon, Jerome and Brinkley, Julian},
journal = {Behaviour \& Information Technology},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.1080/0144929X.2026.2734080}
}
"Artificial Intelligence - Carrying us into the Future": A Study of Older Adults' Perceptions of LLM-Based Chatbots
International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 1-24.
Interview-based HCI study of older adults' perceptions, trust concerns, privacy expectations, and adoption questions around LLM-based chatbots.
Cite
Enam, M. A., Murmu, C., and Dixon, E. (2025). "Artificial Intelligence - Carrying us into the Future": A study of older adults' perceptions of LLM-based chatbots. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2476710
@article{enam2025artificial,
title = {"Artificial Intelligence - Carrying us into the Future": A Study of Older Adults' Perceptions of LLM-Based Chatbots},
author = {Enam, Md Atik and Murmu, Chandni and Dixon, Emma},
journal = {International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction},
pages = {1--24},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1080/10447318.2025.2476710}
}
Are the External Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMI) Accessible for People with Disabilities? A Systematic Review
2024 IEEE 4th International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS), 1-6.
Systematic review examining whether external HMIs for autonomous vehicles account for the needs of people with disabilities.
Cite
Enam, M. A., Bastola, A., and Brinkley, J. (2024). Are the external human-machine interfaces (eHMI) accessible for people with disabilities? A systematic review. 2024 IEEE 4th International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHMS59971.2024.10555703
@inproceedings{enam2024ehmi,
title = {Are the External Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMI) Accessible for People with Disabilities? A Systematic Review},
author = {Enam, Md Atik and Bastola, Ananta and Brinkley, Julian},
booktitle = {2024 IEEE 4th International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS)},
pages = {1--6},
year = {2024},
organization = {IEEE},
doi = {10.1109/ICHMS59971.2024.10555703}
}
An Inclusive Model for External Human Machine Interfaces of Autonomous Vehicles
2024 IEEE 4th International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS), 1-6.
Conference paper proposing an inclusive model for external human-machine interfaces in autonomous vehicles.
Cite
Enam, M. A., Bastola, A., and Brinkley, J. (2024). An inclusive model for external human machine interfaces of autonomous vehicles. 2024 IEEE 4th International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHMS59971.2024.10555718
@inproceedings{enam2024inclusive,
title = {An Inclusive Model for External Human Machine Interfaces of Autonomous Vehicles},
author = {Enam, Md Atik and Bastola, Ananta and Brinkley, Julian},
booktitle = {2024 IEEE 4th International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS)},
pages = {1--6},
year = {2024},
organization = {IEEE},
doi = {10.1109/ICHMS59971.2024.10555718}
}
The ATLAS Autonomous Vehicle HMI: Leveraging Sensory Substitution to Support the Accessibility Needs of Blind and Low Vision Users
2024 IEEE 4th International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS), 1-6.
Conference paper on an autonomous-vehicle HMI concept using sensory substitution to support blind and low-vision riders.
Cite
Brinkley, J., and Enam, M. A. (2024). The ATLAS autonomous vehicle HMI: Leveraging sensory substitution to support the accessibility needs of blind and low vision users. 2024 IEEE 4th International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHMS59971.2024.10555850
@inproceedings{brinkley2024atlas,
title = {The ATLAS Autonomous Vehicle HMI: Leveraging Sensory Substitution to Support the Accessibility Needs of Blind and Low Vision Users},
author = {Brinkley, Julian and Enam, Md Atik},
booktitle = {2024 IEEE 4th International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS)},
pages = {1--6},
year = {2024},
organization = {IEEE},
doi = {10.1109/ICHMS59971.2024.10555850}
}
An Autoethnographic Study of the Waymo One Autonomous Ridesharing Ecosystem: Exploring Issues of Accessibility
2024 IEEE 4th International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS), 1-6.
Autoethnographic analysis of accessibility barriers and interaction issues in an autonomous ridesharing ecosystem.
Cite
Brinkley, J., Huff, E. W., Gluck, A., and Enam, M. A. (2024). An autoethnographic study of the Waymo One autonomous ridesharing ecosystem: Exploring issues of accessibility. 2024 IEEE 4th International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHMS59971.2024.10555855
@inproceedings{brinkley2024waymo,
title = {An Autoethnographic Study of the Waymo One Autonomous Ridesharing Ecosystem: Exploring Issues of Accessibility},
author = {Brinkley, Julian and Huff, Earl W. and Gluck, Aaron and Enam, Md Atik},
booktitle = {2024 IEEE 4th International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS)},
pages = {1--6},
year = {2024},
organization = {IEEE},
doi = {10.1109/ICHMS59971.2024.10555855}
}
Experiencing Start with One: Increasing Black Student Interest in Graduate Computer Science Education Using Accessibility Workshops
2024 Black Issues in Computing Education (BICE), 63-68.
Computing education paper on accessibility workshops designed to increase Black student interest in graduate computer science education.
Cite
Lawson, C., Enam, M. A., Gluck, A., and Brinkley, J. (2024). Experiencing Start with One: Increasing Black student interest in graduate computer science education using accessibility workshops. 2024 Black Issues in Computing Education (BICE), 63-68. https://doi.org/10.1109/BICE60192.2024.00018
@inproceedings{lawson2024start,
title = {Experiencing Start with One: Increasing Black Student Interest in Graduate Computer Science Education Using Accessibility Workshops},
author = {Lawson, Christopher and Enam, Md Atik and Gluck, Aaron and Brinkley, Julian},
booktitle = {2024 Black Issues in Computing Education (BICE)},
pages = {63--68},
year = {2024},
organization = {IEEE},
doi = {10.1109/BICE60192.2024.00018}
}
Multi-functional Glasses for the Blind and Visually Impaired: Design and Development
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 995-1001.
HFES paper describing the design and development of multi-functional glasses for blind and visually impaired users.
Cite
Bastola, A., Enam, M. A., Bastola, A., Gluck, A., and Brinkley, J. (2023). Multi-functional glasses for the blind and visually impaired: Design and development. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 67(1), 995-1001. https://doi.org/10.1177/21695067231192450
@inproceedings{bastola2023glasses,
title = {Multi-functional Glasses for the Blind and Visually Impaired: Design and Development},
author = {Bastola, Ashish and Enam, Md Atik and Bastola, Ananta and Gluck, Aaron and Brinkley, Julian},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting},
volume = {67},
number = {1},
pages = {995--1001},
year = {2023},
organization = {SAGE Publications},
doi = {10.1177/21695067231192450}
}
Designing a Recommender System to Recruit Older Adults for Research Studies
Third Workshop on Social and Cultural Integration With Personalized Interfaces (SOCIALIZE), co-located with ACM IUI 2023.
Workshop paper exploring recommender-system design for recruiting older adults into research studies.
Cite
Enam, M. A., Srivastava, S., and Knijnenburg, B. P. (2023). Designing a recommender system to recruit older adults for research studies. Third Workshop on Social and Cultural Integration With Personalized Interfaces (SOCIALIZE), co-located with ACM IUI 2023. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vol. 3359.
@inproceedings{enam2023recommender,
title = {Designing a Recommender System to Recruit Older Adults for Research Studies},
author = {Enam, Md Atik and Srivastava, Swapnil and Knijnenburg, Bart P.},
booktitle = {Third Workshop on Social and Cultural Integration With Personalized Interfaces (SOCIALIZE), co-located with ACM IUI 2023},
volume = {3359},
year = {2023},
url = {https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3359/paper29.pdf}
}
Transforming Transportation in the Pursuit of Barrier Free Mobility: The State-of-the-Art in Autonomous Vehicle Interaction Technologies for People with Disabilities
ICT Accessibility Testing Symposium: Driving Accessibility Together, 11-26.
Accessibility symposium paper reviewing autonomous-vehicle interaction technologies for people with disabilities.
Cite
Brinkley, J., Huff, E. W. Jr., and Enam, M. A. (2022). Transforming transportation in the pursuit of barrier free mobility: The state-of-the-art in autonomous vehicle interaction technologies for people with disabilities. ICT Accessibility Testing Symposium: Driving Accessibility Together, 11-26.
@inproceedings{brinkley2022barrierfree,
title = {Transforming Transportation in the Pursuit of Barrier Free Mobility: The State-of-the-Art in Autonomous Vehicle Interaction Technologies for People with Disabilities},
author = {Brinkley, Julian and Huff, Earl W. Jr. and Enam, Md Atik},
booktitle = {ICT Accessibility Testing Symposium: Driving Accessibility Together},
pages = {11--26},
year = {2022},
isbn = {979-8823962773}
}
An Algorithm for l-Diversity Clustering of a Point-Set
2019 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Engineering (ECCE), 1-6.
Algorithm paper on l-diversity clustering for point sets, with applications in privacy-preserving data publication and facility distribution.
Cite
Enam, M. A., Sakib, S., and Rahman, M. S. (2019). An algorithm for l-diversity clustering of a point-set. 2019 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Engineering (ECCE), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECACE.2019.8679506
@inproceedings{enam2019ldiversity,
title = {An Algorithm for l-Diversity Clustering of a Point-Set},
author = {Enam, Md Atik and Sakib, Sadman and Rahman, Md Saidur},
booktitle = {2019 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Engineering (ECCE)},
pages = {1--6},
year = {2019},
organization = {IEEE},
doi = {10.1109/ECACE.2019.8679506}
}
Research to Practice
Selected research projects
These projects show how I define research questions, build studies, analyze evidence, and turn findings into practical guidance for AI products and interfaces.
Measurement and UX Metrics
Measuring Human-AI Interaction Quality
Item development, EFA, CFA, 3 x 2 experimentAI Role and Interaction Study
Making AI Roles Clear to Users
3 x 3 experiment, comparative ratings, profile analysisGenerative AI Decision Research
Who Shapes an AI-Assisted Decision?
Prototype, two experiments, semi-structured interviewsTeaching
Courses and guest lectures
I have taught, assisted with, or contributed course materials for courses across HCI, software engineering, algorithms, systems, and security.
Courses as Instructor or Teaching Assistant
- CPSC 2121: Algorithms and Data Structures Lab
- CPSC 4140/6140: Introduction to Human-Computer Interaction
- CPSC 3720: Introduction to Software Engineering
- CPSC 3500: Foundations of Computer Science
- CPSC 2310: Introduction to Computer Organization
- CPSC 4180/6180: Usable Security and Privacy
- CPSC 4200: Computer Security Principles
- CPSC 3220: Introduction to Operating Systems
Guest Lectures
- CPSC 3720: Software design patterns
- CPSC 3720: Client-server architecture
- CPSC 3720: Semester project setup
- CPSC 4180/6180: Autonomous vehicle usable security and privacy
Curriculum Development
- CPSC 4720/6720: Software Development Methodologies
- Updated modules on ethics, API learning, and software requirements engineering in the context of emerging AI tools.
Service
Reviewing and program service
Program Committee
- ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE TS), 2026
Review Venues
- ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
- ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications
- ACM Conversational User Interfaces
- ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction
- ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education
- ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology
- ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing
- iConference
- Computers in Human Behavior Reports
- International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction